Pansy Seed Proliferation
Text
Pansy seeds are proliferated via ballochory, or ballistic dispersal. The pod containing the seeds dries quickly, shrinking and pushing the seeds into the air and onto the surrounding soil.
Toxicity Indicator
Text
Some hybrids of the Purple Mountian Pansy change colour as they absorb particles of lead. As the splant more metal, uptake its purple petals deepen in hue. Across the landscapes of North East England, the toxicity of the soil can be read in these violet signals, their colour saturating in step with contamination.
Sources
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Purple Mountain Pansy
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Image
Purple Pansy
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Purple Pansy
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Image
Mountain Pansy
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Mountain Pansy
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Name
Purple
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Purple
Identifier
Viola Lutea
Date of Entry
16/07/2008
Coordinates
53.471189, -2.330893
Location Description
Verge near Cargill,
Cumbria
Author
James Barton
Author Notes
The pansy was found around a group of sphagnum moss near a brook
Source
N/A
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner during the Durham Miners’ Gala
Text
The banner centres a 10:1 elevation of a Purple Mountain Pansy emerging from its spoil substrate. Layered across the flower are enlarged microscope scans: a petal epidermal cell at 5000:1, a cut-through of root tendril at 500:1, and a cross-section of mycorrhizal hyphae at 50,000:1. These images trace the passage of lead through the pansy and its multispecies networks, following its uptake from contaminated soil via symbiotic fungal associations, into the plant body and ultimately the petal.
As more metal is absorbed, the petal’s colour deepens - a visible saturation of toxicity. Within its tissues, lead is chelated: molecular rings bind and stabilise the heavy metal in a non-reactive form. The chelation compound structure is printed directly atop the petal.
The flower drawing is overlaid onto a topographic map tracing the rivers that flow from Nenthead to the northeast coast and the distribution of pansies across the region. Each location is embroidered with thread, dyed using pigments extracted from pansies gathered at that site, and sewn incrementally over the course of a year. The colours shift from deep damson in areas around the mine - where lead concentrations are highest - toward pale lavender at the coast, tracking the dissipation of metal toxicity through the landscape. These threads, dyed with the flowers themselves, act as material witnesses to the contamination seep across the region. Around the border, a tonal key aligns each colour with its corresponding pansy image, map location, measured lead levels in topsoil, and a Pantone hue reference.
Together, they form a spectrum of metallic toxicity and floral resilience.
Location
Old Elvet Street, Durham
Durham Miners’ Gala
Date of Entry
2024
Author
Max Cooper-Clark
Medium
Photograph
Sources
https://maxcooperclark.com
Kinship - Mine Banner during the Durham Miners’ Gala
Text
The banner centres a 10:1 elevation of a Purple Mountain Pansy emerging from its spoil substrate. Layered across the flower are enlarged microscope scans: a petal epidermal cell at 5000:1, a cut-through of root tendril at 500:1, and a cross-section of mycorrhizal hyphae at 50,000:1. These images trace the passage of lead through the pansy and its multispecies networks, following its uptake from contaminated soil via symbiotic fungal associations, into the plant body and ultimately the petal.
As more metal is absorbed, the petal’s colour deepens - a visible saturation of toxicity. Within its tissues, lead is chelated: molecular rings bind and stabilise the heavy metal in a non-reactive form. The chelation compound structure is printed directly atop the petal.
The flower drawing is overlaid onto a topographic map tracing the rivers that flow from Nenthead to the northeast coast and the distribution of pansies across the region. Each location is embroidered with thread, dyed using pigments extracted from pansies gathered at that site, and sewn incrementally over the course of a year. The colours shift from deep damson in areas around the mine - where lead concentrations are highest - toward pale lavender at the coast, tracking the dissipation of metal toxicity through the landscape. These threads, dyed with the flowers themselves, act as material witnesses to the contamination seep across the region. Around the border, a tonal key aligns each colour with its corresponding pansy image, map location, measured lead levels in topsoil, and a Pantone hue reference.
Together, they form a spectrum of metallic toxicity and floral resilience.
Location
Old Elvet Street, Durham
Durham Miners’ Gala
Date of Entry
2024
Author
Max Cooper-Clark
Medium
Photograph
Sources
https://maxcooperclark.com
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
Some bodies, however, defy this extractive toxicity. Deadly to most more-than-humans, the Purple Mountain Pansy flourishes on lead-inundated soils. It exists in a metallic symbiosis with the rhizosphere, where lead saturates its roots and stem and builds in the epidermal cells of growing buds.
Anthocyanins, pigments in the petals, however, form a chemical architecture embracing lead molecules in a nontoxic assemblage. This process also turns the flowers purple. Across the landscape, toxicity can be read with these violet signs, whose intensity increases with metal concentration.
Metallic metabolism within the plant disobeys the toxicity of lead. The deathly residue of extraction—lead particles once considered waste—does not progress on its continuum of wasting bodies. Instead, pansy and pollutant create a resilient and queer entanglement, a lead-loving flower, that flourishes beyond the supposed end of the mine’s productive life.
Through the pansy, contamination becomes, rather, a companion.
Location
North Pennines Lead Mines
Date of Entry
2024
Author
Max Cooper-Clark
Dimenions
150cm x 150cm
Medium
Charcoal, pansy dyes, paint, acetone transfer, archival photographs and metal thread on fabric
Sources
https://maxcooperclark.com
Bertrand Pourrut, Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Peter Winterton and Eric Pinelli, “Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants,” Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 213 (2011):113–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9860-6_4.
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
Some bodies, however, defy this extractive toxicity. Deadly to most more-than-humans, the Purple Mountain Pansy flourishes on lead-inundated soils. It exists in a metallic symbiosis with the rhizosphere, where lead saturates its roots and stem and builds in the epidermal cells of growing buds.
Anthocyanins, pigments in the petals, however, form a chemical architecture embracing lead molecules in a nontoxic assemblage. This process also turns the flowers purple. Across the landscape, toxicity can be read with these violet signs, whose intensity increases with metal concentration.
Metallic metabolism within the plant disobeys the toxicity of lead. The deathly residue of extraction—lead particles once considered waste—does not progress on its continuum of wasting bodies. Instead, pansy and pollutant create a resilient and queer entanglement, a lead-loving flower, that flourishes beyond the supposed end of the mine’s productive life.
Through the pansy, contamination becomes, rather, a companion.
Location
North Pennines Lead Mines
Date of Entry
2024
Author
Max Cooper-Clark
Dimenions
150cm x 150cm
Medium
Charcoal, pansy dyes, paint, acetone transfer, archival photographs and metal thread on fabric
Sources
https://maxcooperclark.com
Bertrand Pourrut, Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Peter Winterton and Eric Pinelli, “Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants,” Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 213 (2011):113–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9860-6_4.
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner during the Durham Miners’ Gala
Text
During the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike, as Margaret Thatcher and her Conservative Government removed benefits for striking families, hunger was weaponised to enforce a return to extraction.
In an act of collective resistance, spaces were reappropriated by women, as an ecology of soup kitchens and community halls. In these commoned sites, pansies - once shared by witches and wisewomen as medicine across the landscape fissured by mining - were served in restorative broths. Ingested, bodies were nourished by the antioxidants harboured in the petals.
This highly local solidarity was nourished across social and cultural boundaries. Ingredients for soups in some pits were sponsored by queer activist groups, such as Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners, organising “Pits and Perverts” fundraising parties in London. A form of deterritorialized kinship emerged between the urban centres of the South and the mine-town peripheries in the North.
Date of Entry
1984
Author
Max Cooper-Clark
Medium
Photograph
Sources
Alan Booth and Roger Smith, “The Irony of the Iron Fist: Social Security and the Coal Dispute 1984–85,” Journal of Law and Society 12:3 (1985): 365–74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1410129.
Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation (London, UK: Penguin Books, 2021).
Mike Jackson, “Lesbians and Gays Support The Miners,” Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners, 2024, http://lgsm.org/our-history/228-lesbians-and-gays-support-the-miners
Kinship - Mine Banner during the Durham Miners’ Gala
Text
During the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike, as Margaret Thatcher and her Conservative Government removed benefits for striking families, hunger was weaponised to enforce a return to extraction.
In an act of collective resistance, spaces were reappropriated by women, as an ecology of soup kitchens and community halls. In these commoned sites, pansies - once shared by witches and wisewomen as medicine across the landscape fissured by mining - were served in restorative broths. Ingested, bodies were nourished by the antioxidants harboured in the petals.
This highly local solidarity was nourished across social and cultural boundaries. Ingredients for soups in some pits were sponsored by queer activist groups, such as Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners, organising “Pits and Perverts” fundraising parties in London. A form of deterritorialized kinship emerged between the urban centres of the South and the mine-town peripheries in the North.
Date of Entry
1984
Author
Max Cooper-Clark
Medium
Photograph
Sources
Alan Booth and Roger Smith, “The Irony of the Iron Fist: Social Security and the Coal Dispute 1984–85,” Journal of Law and Society 12:3 (1985): 365–74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1410129.
Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation (London, UK: Penguin Books, 2021).
Mike Jackson, “Lesbians and Gays Support The Miners,” Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners, 2024, http://lgsm.org/our-history/228-lesbians-and-gays-support-the-miners
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
XX
2220mm x 2635 mm
Linen, Silk, Cotton philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
Image
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
Text
This banner displays the names of several women who went on hunger strike while imprisoned in HMP Holloway. It was created by Ann Macbeth, head of the embroidery department at the Glasgow School of Art, who was later imprisoned in 1912 for militant activities - the same year as Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke. Both women endured hunger strikes and were subjected to force-feeding by prison guards.
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220 mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Source
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-91239/wspu-holloway-prisoners/
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
Text
This banner displays the names of several women who went on hunger strike while imprisoned in HMP Holloway. It was created by Ann Macbeth, head of the embroidery department at the Glasgow School of Art, who was later imprisoned in 1912 for militant activities - the same year as Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke. Both women endured hunger strikes and were subjected to force-feeding by prison guards.
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220 mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Source
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-91239/wspu-holloway-prisoners/
Image
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner held aloft during 'From Prison to Citizenship' procession
Text
Ann Macbeth’s textile was paraded during the Prisoners’ Pageant in 1910, alongside hundreds of women who had been imprisoned in HMP Holloway. This protest was part of the Great Procession of Women, a demonstration supporting the Conciliation Bill that was being debated in Parliament.
Date of Entry
18th June 1910
Author
H. Searjeant
Dimenions
136 mm x 86 mm
Medium
Photograph
Source
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-453186/wspu-from-prison-to-citizenship-procession/
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner held aloft during 'From Prison to Citizenship' procession
Text
Ann Macbeth’s textile was paraded during the Prisoners’ Pageant in 1910, alongside hundreds of women who had been imprisoned in HMP Holloway. This protest was part of the Great Procession of Women, a demonstration supporting the Conciliation Bill that was being debated in Parliament.
Date of Entry
18th June 1910
Author
H. Searjeant
Dimenions
136 mm x 86 mm
Medium
Photograph
Source
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-453186/wspu-from-prison-to-citizenship-procession/
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
XX
2220mm x 2635 mm
Linen, Silk, Cotton philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
Image
Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke and Emmeline Pankhurst in their office at the WSPU's London headquarters
Date of Entry
1910 or 1911
Author
-
Dimenions
-
Source
https://womanandhersphere.com/2015/10/05/suffrage-storiescollecting-suffrage-countdown-to-12-october-and-release-of-the-film-suffragettemrs-pankhurst-in-her-clements-inn-office/
Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke and Emmeline Pankhurst in their office at the WSPU's London headquarters
Date of Entry
1910 or 1911
Author
-
Dimenions
-
Source
https://womanandhersphere.com/2015/10/05/suffrage-storiescollecting-suffrage-countdown-to-12-october-and-release-of-the-film-suffragettemrs-pankhurst-in-her-clements-inn-office/
Image
Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke and Emmeline Pankhurst in their office at the WSPU's London headquarters
Date of Entry
1909
Author
-
Dimenions
184 mm x 150 mm
Medium
Photograph
Source
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-292204/suffragettes-mrs-pankhurst-and-mrs-tuke/
Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke and Emmeline Pankhurst in their office at the WSPU's London headquarters
Date of Entry
1909
Author
-
Dimenions
184 mm x 150 mm
Medium
Photograph
Source
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-292204/suffragettes-mrs-pankhurst-and-mrs-tuke/
Image
Mabel Tuke at a WSPU Procession
Date of Entry
1910
Author
-
Dimenions
-
Medium
Photograph
Source
https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/45649292091
Mabel Tuke at a WSPU Procession
Date of Entry
1910
Author
-
Dimenions
-
Medium
Photograph
Source
https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/45649292091
Image
Heartsease
Text
Pansies, once commonly known as “heartsease”, have a long history intertwined with communal healing. For centuries, wise women - village healers and leaders who would later be hunted as witches - shared the flower’s numerous medicinal properties. Different parts of the plant were fermented, eaten, absorbed, osmosed, and inhaled, to relieve respiratory issues, reduce inflammation, and treat skin conditions.
Date of Entry
1597
Author
John Gerard
Source
John Gerard, Generall Historie of Plantes, 1597.
https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817749/page/703/mode/1up?view=theater
Heartsease
Text
Pansies, once commonly known as “heartsease”, have a long history intertwined with communal healing. For centuries, wise women - village healers and leaders who would later be hunted as witches - shared the flower’s numerous medicinal properties. Different parts of the plant were fermented, eaten, absorbed, osmosed, and inhaled, to relieve respiratory issues, reduce inflammation, and treat skin conditions.
Date of Entry
1597
Author
John Gerard
Source
John Gerard, Generall Historie of Plantes, 1597.
https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817749/page/703/mode/1up?view=theater
Image
Heartsease
Text
Pansies, once commonly known as “heartsease”, have a long history intertwined with communal healing. For centuries, wise women - village healers and leaders who would later be hunted as witches - shared the flower’s numerous medicinal properties. Different parts of the plant were fermented, eaten, absorbed, osmosed, and inhaled, to relieve respiratory issues, reduce inflammation, and treat skin conditions.
Date of Entry
1660
Author
Nicolas Robert
Source
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rrjzbnsj/images?id=swgg4d6m
Heartsease
Text
Pansies, once commonly known as “heartsease”, have a long history intertwined with communal healing. For centuries, wise women - village healers and leaders who would later be hunted as witches - shared the flower’s numerous medicinal properties. Different parts of the plant were fermented, eaten, absorbed, osmosed, and inhaled, to relieve respiratory issues, reduce inflammation, and treat skin conditions.
Date of Entry
1660
Author
Nicolas Robert
Source
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rrjzbnsj/images?id=swgg4d6m
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
XX
2220mm x 2635 mm
Linen, Silk, Cotton philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
XX
2220mm x 2635 mm
Linen, Silk, Cotton philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
Kinship - Mine Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/bbbbbbb/v/object
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Kathryn Yusoff, “Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood,” philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1353/phi.2015.a608468.
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
XX
2220mm x 2635 mm
Linen, Silk, Cotton philoSOPHIA 5:2 (June 2015): 203–29,
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner
Text
XX
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Ann Macbeth
Dimenions
2220mm x 2635 mm
Medium
Linen, Silk, Cotton
Sources
www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-91239/wspu-holloway-prisoners/
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Image
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Purple Mountain Pansy Hybridisation
Text
Purple mountain pansies - Viola Lutea - can hybridise with nearby Viola species during cross-pollination. Some of these hybrid pansies in the North East of England can indicate the presence of metallic soils, turning deeper shades of purple with higher concentrations of lead in the ground.
Source
https://www.northpennines.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OREsome-Botanical-survey-Middle-Greenlaw-site-dossier.pdf
Marching Route Napkin
Text
A silk handkerchief depicts the marching route for the Prisoners’ Pageant in 1910. It is adorned with printed Purple Pansies, as well as portraits of key Suffragettes, including Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke.
Date of Entry
1910
Author
Sarah Burgess
Dimenions
364 mm x 362 mm
Medium
Print on Tissue Paper
Sources
https://keelrowbooks.com/item/14195/votes-for-women-souvenir-official-programme-pictorial-suffragette-crepe-paper-napkin/
https://womanandhersphere.com/2019/09/12/ephemera-mrs-sarah-burgess-printer/
364 mm x 362 mm
Medium
Print on Tissue Paper
Sources
https://keelrowbooks.com/item/14195/votes-for-women-souvenir-official-programme-pictorial-suffragette-crepe-paper-napkin/
https://womanandhersphere.com/2019/09/12/ephemera-mrs-sarah-burgess-printer/
Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke
Text
“I was born two houses down from where Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke passed into memory. No plaque settles amongst the pebbledash to commemorate her presence, only the damson flowers weeding the unkempt lawn. Plucking them as a child, I would rest the petals as morning offerings to the pavement, hoping that violet flourishes grew upon my return from school.”
Mabel Tuke (b.1871) was the Joint Honorary Secretary of the Women's Social and Political Union from 1908. Together with Emmeline Pankhurst, she threw a stone through one of 10 Downing Street’s windows on 1 March 1912, and was subsequently imprisoned in HMP Holloway. Pankhurst had given her the nickname ‘Pansy’ after the violet flowers Mabel was said to hand out at Suffrage rallies - and to striking miners just days before her incarceration. She died in Neville’s Cross, Durham in 1962.
She is depicted here in a silver gelatin print by Christine Broom in 1909. Metal mines in the North East of England, close to where Mabel passed away, often gleaned silver from seams of Galena ore. Some of this metal was used in the production of photography prints.
Her portrait hangs in Lea Inn in the North Pennine lowlands.
Date of Entry
1909
Author
Christine Broom
Pansy Project
Text
The Pansy Project is an ongoing public artwork that marks sites of homophobic and transphobic abuse with a single planted pansy. Each flower is titled after the specific incident and recorded online, creating a record of dismissed acts of anti-LGBTQ+ hostility. The project was initiated in 2005 by artist Paul Harfleet and has since seen over 300 pansies planted in cities worldwide. Several are planted in the North East of England.
Date of Entry
-
Coordinates
54.866898, -1.374736
Location Description
End of Burdon Lane, Ryhope
Author
Paul Harfleet
Source
https://thepansyproject.com/locations/
Embroidered Suffragette Textile
Text
Sewn in HMP Holloway byJanie Terrero, this fabric panel holds the signatures of women imprisoned for window smashing in March 1912, alongside Mabel ‘Pansy’ Tuke and Emmeline Pankhurst. Many of these women joined the hunger strike and were subjected to violent force-feeding by prison guards.
Purple Pansies ring the centre of the silk.
Date of Entry
1912
Author
Janie Terrero
Dimenions
456 mm x 520 mm
Medium
Photograph, Silk, Embroidery
456 mm x 520 mm
Medium
Photograph, Silk, Embroidery
Source
“When you eat together, you stick together!” A scene from Ken Loach’s 2023 Film, The Old Oak
Date of Entry
2023
Author
Ken Loach
Source
The Old Oak, 2023, Ken Loach, Studio Canal
Purple Mountain Pansy - Metallophytes
Text
Purple pansies (Viola lutea) are often flourish in soils contaminated with lead, especially around former mining sites and industrial areas where heavy metals persist. Internationally rare, they predominate in the North Pennines and Lowlands of Durham County.
Sources
https://teesdalemercury.co.uk/country-life/flora-and-fauna-a-flower-youd-associate-with-heavy-metal/
Bertrand Pourrut, Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Peter Winterton and Eric Pinelli, “Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants,” Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 213 (2011):113–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9860-6_4.
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare and Giovanna Cappai, “Chelate Facilitated Phytoextraction of PB, CD, and Zn from a Lead–Zinc Mine Contaminated Soil by Three Accumulator Plants,” Scientific Reports 13:1 (December 1, 2023),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48666-5.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Text
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with Viola lutea by colonizing its roots. These fungi improve the plant’s resistance to lead toxicity by binding and immobilizing lead ions in the soil, reducing their uptake into the plant. AMF also enhance nutrient and water absorption, boosting the plant’s overall health and stress tolerance. Additionally, they help Viola lutea by stimulating antioxidant release to protect cells from lead-induced damage.
Source
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0176161711001465
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653513008813
Strike Soup
Text
During the 1984/85 Miners’ Strike, some towns served Purple Mountain Pansies on broths served in communal soup kitchens. Viola Lutea, long used as a natural treatment for diabetes, asthma, lung diseases, and fatigue, are high in antioxidants and bioactive compounds.
Date of Entry
-
Author
-
Calaminarian grassland
Text
Calaminarian grasslands are a rare habitat found in the UK on soils rich in heavy metals - often from old mining sites. Frequently occurring on infertile, toxic terrain, these grasslands support specialist “metallophyte” plants like spring sandwort, alpine pennycress, thrift, and bladder campion, uncommon mosses and lichens, and the Purple Mountain Pansy. The toxic soils limit competition, allowing only adapted species to thrive. Despite their unassuming appearance, these grasslands are of high conservation value, representing unique ecosystems found in just a few localised areas across the UK.
Source
https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/habitats/grassland/calaminarian-grassland
St Hilda Colliery Lodge Banner
with a border of Purple Pansies
Date of Entry
9th July 2022
Two Drag Queens from Dawdon parade in front of the County Hotel during the 1971 Durham Miners’ Gala
Text
“In November 1984, a dinner was held in the Miners’ Welfare Hall to celebrate the strength and resilience of the community. A local drag artist from Darlington assumed regional characters on stage, invoking both the Lambton Worm and Bob Paisley. They finished the act in a dress adorned with appliqué nettles and pansies, exclaiming to the crowd ‘’Those that eat together…’’, followed by the rooms’ response ‘’stick together.“
Drag has always been part of life within mining towns and villages in the North East of England, as both entertainment and expression.
During the 1930s, drag acts became known as Pansy Performers.
Date of Entry
17th July 1971
Author
Sunderland Echo
Easington Colliery Soup Kitchen Staff during the 1926 General Strike
Date of Entry
1926
Author
-
Medium
Photograph
https://www.stuartbrisley.com/pages/27/70s/Works/Artist_Project_Peterlee___History_Within_Living_Memory/page:27
Cyclotides
Text
Purple Mountain Pansies contain numerous means of flourishing on toxic mining soils. One such method is through the use of cyclotides, protein chains that can bind heavy metals such as lead and zinc inside the plant cells. By doing this, they help trap and neutralise these otherwise-toxic particles, preventing them from damaging the plant, and allowing the Pansies to persist on contaminated soils.
Recent research suggests that these cycoltides could be used in the treatment of HIV.
Sources
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69018-x
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11030-025-11224-4
Chelation
Text
Viola lutea can bind lead ions to form a stable molecule via chelation. This process traps the lead particles, preventing them from damaging the plant’s cells. By chelating lead, the plant reduces its toxicity and protects itself from heavy metal stress.
Source
https://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-00f21542-6aea-489f-bd2f-48c08e18186b
Purple Mountain Pansy